add new dither methods

pyproject.toml

@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 description = "Process images for Waveshare E6 display"
 readme = "README.md"
 requires-python = ">=3.13"
-dependencies = ["pillow>=12.1.1"]
+dependencies = ["numpy>=2.0", "pillow>=12.1.1"]
 
 [dependency-groups]
 dev = ["ruff"]
 
 [tool.ruff]
-line-length = 150
+line-length = 180
 target-version = "py313"
 
 [tool.ruff.lint]

src/new_convert.py

@@ -6,127 +6,199 @@
 import argparse
 from pathlib import Path
 
+import numpy as np
 from PIL import Image, ImageEnhance, ImageOps
 
-# E Ink Spectra 6 six basic ink colors: Black, White, Red, Green, Blue, Yellow
-SPECTRA6_PALETTE = [
-    0, 0, 0,
-    255, 255, 255,
-    255, 0, 0,
-    0, 255, 0,
-    0, 0, 255,
-    255, 255, 0
-]
 
-# Pad the palette to 256 colors (required by PIL), fill the rest with 0
+class EPaperConverter:
-SPECTRA6_PALETTE += [0] * (256 * 3 - len(SPECTRA6_PALETTE))
+    """Converts photos for Waveshare E-Paper (E Ink Spectra 6) display output."""
 
+    # E Ink Spectra 6 palette: [R, G, B] triplets
+    SPECTRA6_COLORS = [
+        [0, 0, 0],        # Black
+        [255, 255, 255],   # White
+        [255, 0, 0],       # Red
+        [0, 255, 0],       # Green
+        [0, 0, 255],       # Blue
+        [255, 255, 0],     # Yellow
+    ]
 
-def create_spectra_palette():
+    BW_COLORS = [
-    """Create a reference image with the Spectra 6 palette."""
+        [0, 0, 0],        # Black
-    pal_img = Image.new('P', (1, 1))
+        [255, 255, 255],   # White
-    pal_img.putpalette(SPECTRA6_PALETTE)
+    ]
-    return pal_img
 
+    # Optimization presets: {enhancement_attr: multiplier}
+    ENHANCE_PRESETS = {
+        'normal': {'brightness': 1.1, 'color': 1.5, 'contrast': 1.2, 'sharpness': 1.0},
+        'portrait': {'brightness': 1.2, 'color': 1.2, 'contrast': 1.05, 'sharpness': 1.0},
+        'landscape': {'brightness': 1.0, 'color': 1.8, 'contrast': 1.4, 'sharpness': 2.0},
+    }
 
-def apply_epaper_gamma_correction(img, gamma=1.2):
+    # Error diffusion kernels: list of (dy, dx, weight) tuples
-    """
+    DITHER_KERNELS = {
-    Apply E-paper specific Gamma correction.
+        'atkinson': [
-    Since e-paper is non-emissive, dark areas tend to blend together.
+            #        *   1/8  1/8
-    This function brightens the midtones to rescue dark details.
+            #  1/8  1/8  1/8
-    """
+            #        1/8
-    # Convert Gamma value to a lookup table for the PIL point function
+            # Only diffuses 75% of error → preserves highlights, cleaner look
+            (0, 1, 1 / 8), (0, 2, 1 / 8),
+            (1, -1, 1 / 8), (1, 0, 1 / 8), (1, 1, 1 / 8),
+            (2, 0, 1 / 8),
+        ],
+        'stucki': [
+            #              *    8/42  4/42
+            #  2/42  4/42  8/42  4/42  2/42
+            #  1/42  2/42  4/42  2/42  1/42
+            # Largest diffusion area → smoothest gradients
+            (0, 1, 8 / 42), (0, 2, 4 / 42),
+            (1, -2, 2 / 42), (1, -1, 4 / 42), (1, 0, 8 / 42), (1, 1, 4 / 42), (1, 2, 2 / 42),
+            (2, -2, 1 / 42), (2, -1, 2 / 42), (2, 0, 4 / 42), (2, 1, 2 / 42), (2, 2, 1 / 42),
+        ],
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, width=800, height=480, color='rgb', mode='normal', dither='floyd-steinberg'):
+        self.width = width
+        self.height = height
+        self.color = color
+        self.mode = mode
+        self.dither = dither
+
+    # -- Image enhancement ---------------------------------------------------
+
+    def _apply_gamma_correction(self, img, gamma=1.3):
+        """Brighten midtones via gamma correction to compensate for e-paper's non-emissive display."""
         inv_gamma = 1.0 / gamma
-    table = [int((i / 255.0) ** inv_gamma * 255) for i in range(256)]
+        lut = [int((i / 255.0) ** inv_gamma * 255) for i in range(256)]
-
-    # Separate RGB channels and apply correction
-    if img.mode == 'RGB':
         r, g, b = img.split()
-        r = r.point(table)
+        return Image.merge('RGB', (r.point(lut), g.point(lut), b.point(lut)))
-        g = g.point(table)
-        b = b.point(table)
-        return Image.merge('RGB', (r, g, b))
-
-    return img.point(table)
-
-
-def optimize_image(img, mode):
-    """Apply extreme color compensation based on the selected mode to offset physical e-paper attenuation."""
-
-    # Apply base Gamma brightening for all color images before conversion
-    img = apply_epaper_gamma_correction(img, gamma=1.3)
-
-    if mode == 'normal':
-        # Normal mode: Boost saturation and contrast globally
-        img = ImageEnhance.Color(img).enhance(1.5)  # Significantly increase vibrance
-        img = ImageEnhance.Contrast(img).enhance(1.2)  # Strengthen light/dark contrast
-        img = ImageEnhance.Brightness(img).enhance(1.1)  # Slightly brighten overall
-
-    elif mode == 'portrait':
-        # Portrait mode: Protect skin tones. Brighten faces, but limit saturation.
-        img = ImageEnhance.Brightness(img).enhance(1.2)  # Faces must be bright enough
-        img = ImageEnhance.Color(img).enhance(1.2)  # Moderately increase color
-        img = ImageEnhance.Contrast(img).enhance(1.05)  # Maintain soft transitions
-
-    elif mode == 'landscape':
-        # Landscape mode: Maximize greens, blues, and 3D depth
-        img = ImageEnhance.Color(img).enhance(1.8)  # Extreme vibrance for mountains and skies
-        img = ImageEnhance.Contrast(img).enhance(1.4)  # Strong contrast for ridges and clouds
-        img = ImageEnhance.Sharpness(img).enhance(2.0)  # Sharpen edge details
 
+    def _optimize(self, img):
+        """Apply gamma correction and preset-based enhancement for e-paper output."""
+        img = self._apply_gamma_correction(img)
+        preset = self.ENHANCE_PRESETS[self.mode]
+        for attr, factor in preset.items():
+            if factor != 1.0:
+                enhancer_cls = getattr(ImageEnhance, attr.capitalize())
+                img = enhancer_cls(img).enhance(factor)
         return img
 
+    # -- Dithering -----------------------------------------------------------
 
-def main():
+    def _build_pil_palette(self, colors):
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Spectra 6 E-Paper Image Conversion Engine')
+        """Build a PIL palette image from a list of [R, G, B] triplets."""
-    parser.add_argument('--img_path', type=str, required=True, help='Path to the original photo (e.g., my_photo.jpg)')
+        flat = [v for rgb in colors for v in rgb]
-    parser.add_argument(
+        flat += [0] * (256 * 3 - len(flat))
-        '--color', type=str, choices=['rgb', 'bw'], required=True, help="Color mode: 'rgb' (Full color Spectra 6) or 'bw' (Pure black and white)"
+        pal_img = Image.new('P', (1, 1))
-    )
+        pal_img.putpalette(flat)
-    parser.add_argument(
+        return pal_img
-        '--mode',
-        type=str,
-        choices=['normal', 'portrait', 'landscape'],
-        default='normal',
-        help="Optimization mode: 'normal', 'portrait', 'landscape'. Ignored if color is 'bw'.",
-    )
-    parser.add_argument('--width', type=int, default=800, help='E-paper width (default: 800)')
-    parser.add_argument('--height', type=int, default=480, help='E-paper height (default: 480)')
-    parser.add_argument('--out', type=str, default=None, help='Custom output filename (default: auto-generated)')
 
-    args = parser.parse_args()
+    def _error_diffusion_dither(self, img, palette_colors):
+        """Apply custom error diffusion dithering (atkinson / stucki) using NumPy."""
+        kernel = self.DITHER_KERNELS[self.dither]
+        palette = np.array(palette_colors, dtype=np.float64)
+        pixels = np.array(img, dtype=np.float64)
+        h, w, _ = pixels.shape
 
-    img_path = Path(args.img_path)
+        for y in range(h):
+            for x in range(w):
+                old_pixel = pixels[y, x].copy()
+                distances = np.sum((palette - old_pixel) ** 2, axis=1)
+                new_pixel = palette[np.argmin(distances)]
+                pixels[y, x] = new_pixel
+
+                error = old_pixel - new_pixel
+                for dy, dx, weight in kernel:
+                    ny, nx = y + dy, x + dx
+                    if 0 <= ny < h and 0 <= nx < w:
+                        pixels[ny, nx] += error * weight
+
+        return Image.fromarray(np.clip(pixels, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8), 'RGB')
+
+    def _dither_rgb(self, img):
+        """Quantize an RGB image to the Spectra 6 palette."""
+        if self.dither == 'floyd-steinberg':
+            pal_img = self._build_pil_palette(self.SPECTRA6_COLORS)
+            return img.quantize(palette=pal_img, dither=Image.FLOYDSTEINBERG).convert('RGB')
+        return self._error_diffusion_dither(img, self.SPECTRA6_COLORS)
+
+    def _dither_bw(self, img):
+        """Convert an image to black and white with dithering."""
+        img = ImageEnhance.Contrast(img).enhance(1.5)
+        if self.dither == 'floyd-steinberg':
+            return img.convert('1').convert('RGB')
+        return self._error_diffusion_dither(img, self.BW_COLORS)
+
+    # -- Public API ----------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def convert(self, img_path, output_path=None):
+        """
+        Main conversion pipeline: load → resize → enhance → dither → save.
+
+        Args:
+            img_path: Path to the source image.
+            output_path: Optional output path. Auto-generated if None.
+
+        Returns:
+            Path to the saved output file.
+        """
+        img_path = Path(img_path)
         if not img_path.exists():
-        raise FileNotFoundError(f'Error: Image file not found: {img_path}')
+            raise FileNotFoundError(f'Image file not found: {img_path}')
 
         print(f'Processing: {img_path}')
         img = Image.open(img_path).convert('RGB')
 
-    # 1. Smart crop and resize to fill the frame
+        # Resize to fit the e-paper frame
-    img = ImageOps.fit(img, (args.width, args.height), Image.Resampling.LANCZOS)
+        img = ImageOps.fit(img, (self.width, self.height), Image.Resampling.LANCZOS)
 
-    # Generate automatic filename if not provided
+        # Enhance and dither
-    output_name = Path(args.out) if args.out else img_path.with_name(f'{img_path.stem}_{args.color}_{args.mode}.bmp')
+        print(f'Color: {self.color} | Mode: {self.mode} | Dither: {self.dither}')
+        if self.color == 'rgb':
+            img = self._optimize(img)
+            final_img = self._dither_rgb(img)
+        else:
+            final_img = self._dither_bw(img)
 
-    # 2. Core conversion logic
+        # Save as 24-bit RGB BMP (required by Waveshare e-paper frames)
-    if args.color == 'rgb':
+        if output_path is None:
-        print(f'Applying color optimization mode: {args.mode}')
+            output_path = img_path.with_name(f'{img_path.stem}_{self.color}_{self.mode}_{self.dither}.bmp')
-        img_optimized = optimize_image(img, args.mode)
+        else:
-        pal_img = create_spectra_palette()
+            output_path = Path(output_path)
-        # Convert and apply Floyd-Steinberg dithering, then back to 24-bit RGB
-        # Waveshare e-paper frames only recognize 24-bit RGB BMP files
-        final_img = img_optimized.quantize(palette=pal_img, dither=Image.FLOYDSTEINBERG).convert('RGB')
 
-    elif args.color == 'bw':
+        final_img.save(output_path)
-        print(f'Applying pure black and white mode (ignoring optimization mode: {args.mode})')
+        print(f'Saved: {output_path}')
-        # Black and white mode only needs basic contrast stretching
+        return output_path
-        img_bw = ImageEnhance.Contrast(img).enhance(1.5)
-        final_img = img_bw.convert('1').convert('RGB')
 
-    # 3. Save file (24-bit RGB BMP, required by Waveshare e-paper frames)
+
-    final_img.save(output_name)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    print(f'Success! Image saved as: {output_name}')
+# CLI
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def build_parser():
+    """Build and return the argument parser."""
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Spectra 6 E-Paper Image Conversion Engine')
+    parser.add_argument('--img_path', type=str, required=True, help='Path to the original photo')
+    parser.add_argument('--color', type=str, choices=['rgb', 'bw'], required=True, help="'rgb' (Spectra 6) or 'bw' (pure black and white)")
+    parser.add_argument('--mode', type=str, choices=['normal', 'portrait', 'landscape'], default='normal', help='Optimization preset (default: normal)')
+    parser.add_argument('--dither', type=str, choices=['floyd-steinberg', 'atkinson', 'stucki'], default='floyd-steinberg', help='Dithering algorithm (default: floyd-steinberg)')
+    parser.add_argument('--width', type=int, default=800, help='E-paper width (default: 800)')
+    parser.add_argument('--height', type=int, default=480, help='E-paper height (default: 480)')
+    parser.add_argument('--out', type=str, default=None, help='Custom output filename')
+    return parser
+
+
+def main():
+    args = build_parser().parse_args()
+    converter = EPaperConverter(
+        width=args.width,
+        height=args.height,
+        color=args.color,
+        mode=args.mode,
+        dither=args.dither,
+    )
+    converter.convert(args.img_path, output_path=args.out)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':

uv.lock

@@ -2,6 +2,56 @@ version = 1
 revision = 3
 requires-python = ">=3.13"
 
+[[package]]
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+version = "2.4.3"
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+
 [[package]]
 name = "pillow"
 version = "12.1.1"
@@ -90,6 +140,7 @@ name = "waveshare-e6-image-processor"
 version = "0.1.0"
 source = { virtual = "." }
 dependencies = [
+    { name = "numpy" },
     { name = "pillow" },
 ]
 
@@ -99,7 +150,10 @@ dev = [
 ]
 
 [package.metadata]
-requires-dist = [{ name = "pillow", specifier = ">=12.1.1" }]
+requires-dist = [
+    { name = "numpy", specifier = ">=2.0" },
+    { name = "pillow", specifier = ">=12.1.1" },
+]
 
 [package.metadata.requires-dev]
 dev = [{ name = "ruff" }]