83 lines
3.2 KiB
Markdown
83 lines
3.2 KiB
Markdown
---
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author: deng
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date: "20250103"
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category: Note
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tags:
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- Python
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- Packaging
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- PyProject
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- Note
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---
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[image resource](https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/guides/modernize-setup-py-project/)
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- Abstract
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- 將辛辛苦苦寫出來的python專案打包發布至你想發布的地方！
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- Concept
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- 工作分成兩階段
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1. 將原始碼封裝成whl檔，稱為build，常見的build engine有[setuptools](https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/)或是[hatchling](https://pypi.org/project/hatchling/)
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2. 將whl檔發佈（不管是公開的[PyPI](https://pypi.org/)還是私人的[pip server](https://hub.docker.com/r/pypiserver/pypiserver)），可透過[twine](https://github.com/pypa/twine)進行發佈
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- Steps
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1. 在Python環境中安裝[setuptools](https://pypi.org/project/setuptools/)及[twine](https://pypi.org/project/twine/)（也可以使用其他build engine）
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2. 依據[官方文件](https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/tutorials/packaging-projects/)改造你的專案結構，並添加LICENSE、README.md與pyproject.toml檔案
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3. 依據需求填寫上述三檔案，pyproject.toml內容可參考Note最後之範例程式碼
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4. 執行`python -m build`指令建立whl檔案，該檔將會生成於dist資料夾中
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5. 執行`twine upload dist/*`將專案上傳至PyPI（需事先申請帳號），或者先上傳至[TestPyPI](https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/guides/using-testpypi/)進行測試（同樣地也需要事先申請帳號哦）
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- Note
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- 使用setup.py進行封裝雖然很常見於各種教學文件中（甚至是GPT-4o給的答案），但Python[官方文件](https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/)現在都使用pyproject.toml進行套件封裝，如封面所示（所以讀文件吧，親愛的工程師）
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- 若想進行發布測試可使用官方提供的測試伺服器[TestPyPI](https://test.pypi.org/)（其資料庫會定期清理資料，發布的套件與使用者帳號可能都會被刪除）
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- 用ChatGPT生成LICENSE還蠻方便的呢，即便一些在prompt中沒提到的細節它也會留意到，修改完的文件需要請主管確認範圍，再請法務部門審閱，之後就能加進套件了
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- 可參考[本文](https://semver.org/lang/zh-TW/)瞭解版本管理哲學（雖不一定會使用SemVer，但有些概念可借鏡）
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- 以下為pyproject.toml範例程式碼
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```toml
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# pyproject.toml
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#
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# author: deng
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# date : 20250103
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[build-system]
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requires = ["setuptools>=61.0"]
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build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
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[tool.setuptools.packages.find]
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where = ["src"]
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[tool.setuptools.package-data]
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"PlayYourHeart.data" = ["*.csv"]
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# this can package additional data in project
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[project]
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name = "PlayYourHeart"
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version = "0.1.0"
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authors = [
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{ name="deng", email="gt810034@gmail.com" },
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]
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maintainers = [
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{ name="deng", email="gt810034@gmail.com" },
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]
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description = "Let's enjoy."
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readme = "README.md"
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license = {file = "LICENSE"}
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dependencies = [
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"numpy~=1.26.4",
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"scipy~=1.14.1",
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...
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]
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requires-python = "==3.10.*"
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classifiers = [
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"Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
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"Operating System :: Unix"
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]
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[project.optional-dependencies]
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dev = [
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"pytest",
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"flake8",
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"pre-commit"
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]
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# use "pip install xxx.whl[dev]" to install them
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[project.urls]
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Gitlab = "..."
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``` |